Geo-Spatial Analysis of Landslides and Flood Hazards Driven by Climate Change and Quarrying in the Southern Western Ghats

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of climate change and quarrying activities on landslides and flood hazards in the southern region of the Western Ghats, utilizing remote sensing and GIS data for comprehensive geo-spatial analysis. The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is characterized by its biodiversity and fragile ecosystems, making it highly vulnerable to natural hazards such as landslides and floods, which are exacerbated by both climatic factors and human activities. The study specifically focuses on the interaction between changing climate patterns, quarrying, and their collective impact on the region’s vulnerability to these hazards.

                Remote sensing data, including satellite imagery from Landsat and MODIS, combined with GIS-based analytical tools, were employed to map the land use/land cover (LULC) changes, identify landslide and flood susceptibility zones, and assess the spatial distribution of quarrying operations. The study also included the application of hydrological models and rainfall intensity analysis to understand the relationship between extreme rainfall events and the occurrence of landslides and floods.

                Results from the study indicate a significant correlation between quarrying activities and an increased frequency of landslides, particularly within 500 meters of quarry sites. Additionally, the findings reveal that the southern Western Ghats are experiencing higher flood risks due to intensified rainfall patterns linked to climate change, with the most vulnerable areas being those with reduced vegetation cover and increased human-induced land disturbances. The analysis further highlights a clear trend of vegetation loss and increased built-up areas over the past two decades, particularly around active quarries.

                This study emphasizes the urgent need for integrated land-use management and policy interventions to mitigate the impacts of quarrying and climate change on the region’s natural hazards. The findings offer valuable insights for environmental conservation efforts, disaster risk management, and sustainable development strategies in the Western Ghats, advocating for the promotion of eco-friendly mining practices, stricter regulations on land use, and adaptive measures to combat climate-related hazards.