International Journal of Innovative Scientific Research
Mail your Manuscript at editor@ijisr.net International Journal of Innovative Scientific Research (IJISR) [ISSN: 3008-5039 / ISSN-L: 3008-5039] (previously hosted at journals.worldbiologica.com/ijisr) is an international peer-reviewed, quarterly online academic research journal publishing in all the fields of arts, sciences, engineering and technology. The IJISR is to create forum for review, reflection and discussion informed by the results of recent and ongoing research in each and every field of academia. The IJISR provides a forum for disseminating and enhancing theoretical, empirical and/or programmatic research across the all disciplines. IJISR encourage new ideas and works in all the fields and publishes high quality original papers, theory-based empirical papers, review papers, case reports, conference reports/papers, technology reports, book reviews, commentaries, events and news. Special issues devoted to important topics in all the fields. We welcome papers from both academicians and practitioners on theories, business models, conceptual paradigms, academic research and consultancy projects. The Journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications that have not been published or not being considered for publication elsewhere. Journal Particulars Title: International Journal of Innovative Scientific Research (IJISR) Frequency: Quarterly ISSN: 3008-5039 | ISSN-L: 3008-5039 Publisher: World BIOLOGICA Copyright: IJISR Starting Year: 2023 Subject: Multidisciplinary Subjects Language: English Publication Format: Online Publishing Model: Open Access Email id: editor@ijisr.net Website: https://ijisr.net
The Rise of Leaderless Systems: Decentralization in the Digital Age
Contemporary governance faces a crisis of legitimacy as centralized leadership struggles to meet the demands of digital coordination and participatory agency. This study investigates the rise of leaderless systems, examining how decentralized networks coordinate action, distribute authority, and challenge traditional models of control. Drawing on historical antecedents such as Montesquieu’s separation of powers, Tocqueville’s civic decentralization, and the Zapatista movement, alongside case studies including Bitcoin, Wikipedia, Occupy Wall Street, and Kenya’s Gen Z protests, the research explores how algorithmic consensus, peer validation, and cryptographic trust enable collective action without centralized leadership. A typology of leaderless systems is developed to assess operational logic across blockchain governance, open-source collaboration, and digital activism. Ethical and philosophical dimensions are considered, with attention to legitimacy, accountability, and trust in algorithmic environments. The study demonstrates that while leaderless systems offer democratizing potential and resilience, they also risk fragmentation and exclusion, and proposes a conceptual framework to guide their evaluation in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Innovative Scientific Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Peer Feedback on Moroccan EFL University Students’ Writing Errors
This study investigates the impact of peer feedback on Moroccan EFL University students' writing proficiency. The study focuses mainly on examining students’ errors at the level of their written complex sentences, seeking to examine the effectiveness of structured peer feedback in reducing writing errors. To do so, 80 semester two students at Ibn Tofail University have been divided into two groups: the experimental and control groups. The difference between the experimental and control groups’ errors has been corroborated by quantitative measurements using statistical tests, namely the independent t-test and the paired t-test to analyse students' written errors before and after receiving the treatment (peer feedback). The results demonstrate that peer feedback has helped to reduce students' written complex sentence errors, namely subject verb-agreement, fragment and run-on leading to improving their knowledge of English complex sentence structure rules. The findings of this study provide practical implications for researchers, syllabus designers, and language teachers to integrate peer feedback into language instruction to reduce such errors and develop Moroccan EFL university students’ writing proficiency.
Since 1687, Newton declared that energy can be neither created not vanished. Until today this fundamental scientific principle has never been doubted. Furthermore, it applies to every scientific field, no matter whether it is theoretical or practical. In this paper, the first Newtonian Law of classical mechanics is suggested as the Universal Scientific Axiom applying in every scientific field in multiple differentiated ways.
Assessing the Role of Latent Variables in Modelling and Predicting the Determinants of Obesity
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial public health problem driven by the interaction of biological, behavioural, and environmental determinants. Accurately modelling these interdependencies remains methodologically challenging, particularly when conventional regression and machine-learning approaches prioritise prediction at the expense of interpretability. This study evaluates the contribution of latent variables to obesity modelling and prediction using a comparative structural equation modelling (SEM) framework. Using survey data from 2111 individuals aged 14 to 61 years, two SEM specifications were estimated: (i) a construct-based model incorporating three latent determinants namely, Demographic and Anthropometric Factors (DAF), Dietary and Eating Behaviour (DEB), and Lifestyle and Physical Activity (LPA), together with family history of overweight, and (ii) an observed-variable model in which all predictors were entered directly. Results indicate that both models capture meaningful relationships with obesity level (NObeyesdad), but they differ substantially in explanatory power and interpretability. The construct-based model explains 70.9% of the variance in obesity and identifies DAF, DEB, and family history as the dominant drivers, with lifestyle factors exerting weaker effects. In contrast, the observed-variable model explains 95.9% of the variation in obesity, largely driven by direct anthropometric indicators, especially weight, and multiple behavioural variables. However, this model is considerably more complex and mixes determinants with outcomes and correlates, raising concerns regarding overfitting and theoretical coherence. Overall, the findings demonstrate a clear trade-off between predictive accuracy and conceptual clarity. Latent variable modelling provides a parsimonious and theory-consistent representation of obesity determinants, while observed-variable SEM maximises statistical fit. These results suggest that for predictive purposes, the model without constructs is better.
The Role of Human Resources in Building a Culture of Workplace Safety
This paper brings together recent empirical and theoretical research to investigate how Human Resources (HR) practices contribute to the development and maintenance of a workplace safety culture, as well as the improvement of safety performance. The mental health, morale, operational continuity, productivity, and accomplishment of continuing corporate goals and objectives are all profoundly affected by workplace safety, making it an essential component of every business. Medical bills and missed earnings are two of the most visible direct costs of safety breaches. Still, there are also indirect costs, such as harm to reputation and financial penalties, that may not be easily quantifiable. Organizational culture, employee well-being, and regulatory compliance are all interrelated, and HR experts play a crucial strategic role in all three. This literature review, spanning the years 2021–2025, focuses on several key areas of the influence of HR experts. A strong Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) is a powerful predictor of employee happiness, engagement, and safety-related actions. Regulatory bodies and reporting procedures put in place by HR experts have a major impact on this setting. Creating work environments free from stress, job insecurity, and role conflict is an essential part of human resources' responsibility to ensure employees' physical and mental well-being. Research also shows that leaders with transformational and empowering styles who motivate their teams, keep lines of communication open, and promote the reporting of hazards have a much greater impact on safety compliance and behavior. Integrating safety into leadership development programs, managing toxic leadership, and preventing toxic leadership are all areas where HR plays a crucial role. Everyday interactions and consistent leadership conduct develop a strong safety culture through open discussion on risks. Safety, social sustainability, inclusivity, and general well-being must all be considered by HR in the end. Employees are more likely to be trustworthy and comply more often at companies that prioritize these criteria. By embedding safety into culture, leadership, training, and systems, HR professionals help organizations move from reactive risk management to proactive safety culture building, which yields safer workplaces, lower costs, and stronger organizational resilience.
Sequestration Du Carbone Des Ligneux Dans Le Systeme Agroforestier Dans L’arrondissement D’agondji (Commune De Djidja)
La dynamique des espaces agroforestiers constitue un indicateur essentiel des transformations des paysages ruraux et des interactions entre les pratiques agricoles et le couvert végétal. Dans l’arrondissement d’Agondji, l’évolution spatiale des ligneux reflète les phases culturales, les jachères et les pressions anthropiques, influençant la structure des systèmes agroforestiers et leur capacité de séquestration du carbone. Cette étude analyse les systèmes agroforestiers d’Agondji à l’aide des outils de la télédétection et des Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) afin d’identifier la distribution spatiale des ligneux, d’évaluer leur potentiel ligneux et leur contribution à la séquestration du carbone, et de proposer des zones de gestion durable. La méthodologie repose sur l’exploitation des images satellitaires Sentinel, l’application d’équations allométriques et les analyses spatiales sous SIG. Les résultats révèlent un potentiel ligneux important, avec 78 809 arbres recensés et une biomasse totale estimée à 59 840 812,08 kg (8 855,86 kg/ha), correspondant à un stock de carbone séquestré de 32 682 679,23 kg (4 279,47 kg/ha). Cette dynamique met en évidence des zones de forte concentration ligneuse, favorables à la séquestration du carbone, mais aussi des secteurs en régression du couvert arboré, soulignant la nécessité de mesures adaptées pour une gestion durable des espaces agroforestiers d’Agondji. L’intégration future des données LiDAR pourrait permettre d’affiner ces analyses.
A Study on Acceptance of the Digital Transformation of the Radiology Diagnosis Process Using AI-Enriched Tools
As it happens in every major technological breakthrough, acceptance is an issue. Especially when this new technology causes transformation of existing business process, to which all stakeholders have to adapt. This is particularly the case with AI-enriched radiology tools that have started finding their way into the medical practice of several parts of the world. This mixed, qualitative and quantitative, study shows that TAM2 is still relevant to be used a driver of such studies for newer digital technologies and also that it has the power to produce meaning and actionable results. Moreover, this results can be perfectly exploitable from a marketing management perspective, since they provide the basis for a behavioural segmentation of the respondents along the well-known innovation adoption curve, enabling significant positioning and product launching decisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Innovative Scientific Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dragage de sable à Togbin dans la commune d’Abomey-Calavi: enjeux écologiques
L’exploitation du sable entraîne des conséquences importantes sur les ressources biologiques et l’équilibre écologique d’un milieu, notamment dans les zones humides d’importance internationale. La présente étude vise à analyser les enjeux écologiques liés au dragage de sable à Togbin, dans l’arrondissement de Godomey (commune d’Abomey-Calavi), situé au sein du site Ramsar 1017, reconnu pour sa mangrove et sa biodiversité fragile. La collecte des données s’est appuyée sur la recherche documentaire, les enquêtes de terrain et les observations directes. Les techniques utilisées comprenaient des entretiens individuels avec les autorités locales et les responsables ou représentants des carrières, ainsi que l’administration de questionnaires auprès de 100 ménages riverains. Les résultats montrent que l’extraction du sable affecte plusieurs composantes écologiques, notamment la végétation, l’eau, la faune et le sol. À Togbin, cette activité a entraîné la destruction du couvert végétal (95 %), en particulier la prairie herbeuse et la mangrove, la pollution du plan d’eau lagunaire (32 %), la diminution des ressources halieutiques (92 %), de la faune aviaire (42 %), des mammifères et reptiles (81 %), l’érosion du sol (58 %), ainsi que l’apparition de nouvelles espèces végétales (5 %) et animales (7 %). Pour limiter l’ampleur des impacts sur cet écosystème sensible inscrit au réseau Ramsar, il est recommandé de délocaliser le dragage vers les plaines d’inondation du fleuve Ouémé et d’autres zones dépourvues de mangroves, afin de concilier exploitation économique et conservation de la biodiversité.
Sébastien KOUTA et Darling M. A. LOKOSSOU
To Compare the Effect of the Circuit Training Program Versus Pilates on Lower Limb Strengthening, Dynamic Balance, Agility and Coordination in Recreational Badminton Players
Introduction: Badminton is a sport that requires high levels of strength, balance, agility, and coordination, especially in the lower limbs. Effective training strategies that improve these attributes are essential for enhancing performance and preventing injuries among recreational players. While both circuit training and Pilates have been suggested as beneficial methods, there is limited research directly comparing their effects on lower limb functional abilities in badminton players. Objective: To compare the effects of a circuit training program versus Pilates on lower limb strengthening, dynamic balance, agility, and coordination in recreational badminton players. Methodology: This experimental study involved 68 recreational badminton players aged 18 to 30 years. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A, which participated in a circuit training program, and Group B, which engaged in Pilates training. The interventions lasted eight weeks, with training sessions held three times a week. The outcomes measured included lower limb strength, dynamic balance (assessed using the Y-Balance Test), agility (measured with the Agility T Test), and coordination (evaluated through the Hand-eye Test). Assessments were conducted before the intervention, at the midpoint, and after the completion of the program. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all four variables following their respective interventions. However, the circuit training group exhibited greater gains in agility and coordination, while the Pilates group showed more pronounced improvements in balance and lower limb strength. Conclusion: Both circuit training and Pilates effectively improve lower limb strength, dynamic balance, agility, and coordination among recreational badminton players. Circuit training may be more beneficial for agility and coordination, whereas Pilates shows better outcomes for balance and strength. Integrating these methods can provide a comprehensive training strategy for badminton players.
To Compare the Effect of Pilates Method Versus Muscle Energy Technique Along with Conventional Therapy for Forward Head Posture in Collegiate Students
Introduction: Forward Head Posture (FHP) is a prevalent postural deviation among young adults, often attributed to prolonged screen use, sedentary behaviour, and poor ergonomic habits. This condition results in musculoskeletal imbalances such as weakened deep cervical flexors and overactive cervical extensors, contributing to pain, limited cervical range of motion, and functional impairments. Objective: To compare the effects of the Pilates method versus Muscle Energy Technique (MET), both combined with conventional physiotherapy, in managing FHP among collegiate students. Methodology: Fifty-four collegiate students diagnosed with FHP were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A (n = 27) received Pilates-based exercises with conventional therapy, while Group B (n = 27) underwent MET alongside conventional therapy. Both groups were treated three times per week over eight weeks. Outcome measures included the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), and Cervical Range of Motion (CROM), assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Results: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements within their respective interventions across all outcome measures (p < 0.05). However, between-group analysis revealed that Group A (Pilates) achieved superior results in pain reduction, postural correction (CVA), functional improvement (NDI), and cervical mobility (CROM). The differences between groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05), favouring the Pilates method. Conclusion: Although both the Pilates method and MET are effective in the treatment of FHP, Pilates demonstrated greater effectiveness in reducing pain, improving posture, and enhancing cervical function. These findings support the inclusion of Pilates-based rehabilitation in physiotherapy protocols targeting FHP in young adults.
Analysis of the Relative Performance of Smallholder Rice Farmers Under the Anchor Borrowers Programme in South-East, Nigeria
This study analyzed the relative performance of smallholder rice farmers under the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme (ABP) in South-East Nigeria. The research assessed the socioeconomic characteristics of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries and examined the factors influencing the value of paddy rice among both groups. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 720 rice farmers (360 beneficiaries and 360 non-beneficiaries) across Abia, Anambra, and Ebonyi States. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires, while secondary data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria, ADPs, and RIFFAN. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques. Results showed that male farmers dominated both groups, although female participation was relatively higher among beneficiaries. Beneficiaries had better educational attainment, smaller household sizes, and larger farm holdings on average. Regression analysis revealed that the value of paddy rice was significantly influenced by several factors: farming experience (p < 0.01), household size (p < 0.05 for beneficiaries; p < 0.01 for non-beneficiaries), gender (p < 0.01), cooperative membership (p < 0.01), farm size (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.01), and price of paddy (p < 0.01). Additionally, quantity of seed used was significant only for beneficiaries (p < 0.01), while income level significantly affected the value of paddy rice only for non-beneficiaries (p < 0.05). The suggested policy adjustments that promote inclusivity especially for female farmers, elderly farmers, and those with lower education. Enhanced extension services, simplified access procedures, and expanded cooperative frameworks are recommended to boost programme impact and close the productivity gap.
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the juvenile justice systems in India and the United States, examining their historical development, legislative frameworks, institutional structures, and treatment and rehabilitation approaches. The objective is to identify best practices, understand challenges, and suggest improvements within each system. India’s juvenile justice system, defined by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, employs a centralized approach emphasizing rehabilitation and reintegration through various child care institutions. However, it faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and regional inconsistencies. Conversely, the U.S. juvenile justice system operates under a combination of federal and state laws, leading to significant variations across states. Historically, the U.S. has relied heavily on detention, but recent reforms have shifted focus towards community-based programs and mental health support. Challenges include racial and socioeconomic disparities and an over-reliance on detention. The study highlights that India’s uniform approach provides consistency but struggles with practical implementation, while the U.S. system’s decentralized nature fosters innovation but results in inconsistencies. Key recommendations include improving infrastructure and training in India and reducing reliance on detention in the U.S. Integrating effective practices from both systems could enhance global juvenile justice practices.
Food Security, Climate Justice and Energy Transition
The study was conducted on food security, climate justice and energy transition: a case of households in Imo State, Nigeria. The aim is to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the households and determine the effect of climate justice on food security status, energy consumption and socioeconomic factors. A multi-stage sampling procedure involving random and purposive sampling techniques was used to sample 360 respondents through well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Results found that the average age of the respondents was 43.54 years, 66.11% of the respondents were food secure, 70.83% of the respondents were married, the average household size of the respondents was around 7 people per household, the average energy consumed by the respondents was N11,898.58, and the average monthly income was N365,972.22. The results of the effect of climate justice on food security, energy consumption and socioeconomic factors showed that the coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.964, indicating that 96.4% of the variation in the impact of climate justice in the study area was explained by the variables in the model. With an F-statistic of 11.486, it is evident that the model effectively described the impact of climate justice. Variables such as food security status (P > 0.01), marital status (P > 0.01), and income (P > 0.1) exhibited a positive relationship with climate justice, while education (P > 0.1) and age (P > 0.05) showed a negative relationship. Energy consumption did not show and relationship on the climate justice. The study recommended continuous education should be considered appropriate for sustainable practices to mitigate climate effects on food security, Households should embrace solar systems as an alternative to fossil fuels for a cleaner environment and sustainable agriculture.
Note on Occurrence of Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv in Gadchiroli District, (M. S.) India
Psilotum nudum (Psilotaceae) is recorded for the first time from the Gadchiroli District, Maharashtra. Morphology and ecology of the plant are provided. In addition, it is recommended that the species be conserved in Gadchiroli District.
Geo-Spatial Analysis of Landslides and Flood Hazards Driven by Climate Change and Quarrying in the Southern Western Ghats
This study investigates the influence of climate change and quarrying activities on landslides and flood hazards in the southern region of the Western Ghats, utilizing remote sensing and GIS data for comprehensive geo-spatial analysis. The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is characterized by its biodiversity and fragile ecosystems, making it highly vulnerable to natural hazards such as landslides and floods, which are exacerbated by both climatic factors and human activities. The study specifically focuses on the interaction between changing climate patterns, quarrying, and their collective impact on the region’s vulnerability to these hazards. Remote sensing data, including satellite imagery from Landsat and MODIS, combined with GIS-based analytical tools, were employed to map the land use/land cover (LULC) changes, identify landslide and flood susceptibility zones, and assess the spatial distribution of quarrying operations. The study also included the application of hydrological models and rainfall intensity analysis to understand the relationship between extreme rainfall events and the occurrence of landslides and floods. Results from the study indicate a significant correlation between quarrying activities and an increased frequency of landslides, particularly within 500 meters of quarry sites. Additionally, the findings reveal that the southern Western Ghats are experiencing higher flood risks due to intensified rainfall patterns linked to climate change, with the most vulnerable areas being those with reduced vegetation cover and increased human-induced land disturbances. The analysis further highlights a clear trend of vegetation loss and increased built-up areas over the past two decades, particularly around active quarries. This study emphasizes the urgent need for integrated land-use management and policy interventions to mitigate the impacts of quarrying and climate change on the region’s natural hazards. The findings offer valuable insights for environmental conservation efforts, disaster risk management, and sustainable development strategies in the Western Ghats, advocating for the promotion of eco-friendly mining practices, stricter regulations on land use, and adaptive measures to combat climate-related hazards.
Digital Marketing and its Effectiveness for Small and Medium Enterprises in Belagavi
This study explores how digital marketing affects the growth and visibility of SMEs in Belagavi, focusing on business age, income levels, and industry sectors. A survey of 230 SMEs, combined with secondary data analysis, reveals that most SMEs are new and within the INR 1-5 Lakhs income range, with high digital marketing adoption, especially in the service sector. While SMEs are aware of digital marketing's benefits, they face challenges like limited budgets and expertise gaps (Foroudi et al., 2017). The research finds that younger SMEs adopt digital marketing more and that these strategies have a significant or moderate impact on visibility (Jin and Hurd, 2018).). The study recommends investing in digital skills and adapting marketing strategies for growth. These insights highlight the importance of digital marketing for SME success in Belagavi and suggest avenues for future research.
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in customer engagement has drastically a­­­­ltered the operating reality of Sri Lanka's banking industry by enhancing customer service speed and access, but customer satisfaction level is a key marker for analyzing AI service effectiveness compared to human interaction. The study utilizes a quantitative cross-sectional methodology to analyze and compare customer satisfaction levels between the two service delivery mediums. A structured survey was developed and randomly administered to 520 banking customers in Sri Lanka about their experiences according to the five dimension of the SERVQUAL Model (reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles). The results suggest that AI powered chatbots are typically consistent and efficient in performance. However humans are regularly rated higher in areas requiring emotional intelligence and connectivity which contributes positively to customer satisfaction. As discussed in the study the constructs predicted by the theoretical frameworks; Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT) and Social Presence Theory (SPT) identified these variables. The regression results indicated statistically significant difference in satisfaction levels and perceived effectiveness; human agents were rated more positively overall. These outcomes highlight the need for a hybrid service method that utilizes AI's efficiency as well as the relational and emotional abilities of humans. The outcomes provide practical advice to Sri Lankan financial institutions that want to improve customer experience with a hybrid strategy that allows for the right combination of automation and human effort in digital banking services.
Microcredit has been recognized as a tool for fostering economic and social empowerment among women, particularly in developing regions. This study explores the impact of microcredit on women's empowerment in Belgaum district, Karnataka, focusing on economic independence, decision-making power, and overall well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through structured surveys and in-depth interviews. Quantitative findings were analyzed using statistical tools, while qualitative data provided insights into personal experiences. The results indicate that while microcredit has positively influenced economic independence, its social impact varies based on program design, cultural factors, and financial literacy. The study highlights the need for holistic approaches that integrate financial support with training and social interventions to enhance long-term empowerment.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Medicinal Plant Extracts in the Treatment of Candida Albicans Infections
Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen responsible for a variety of infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The increasing resistance to conventional antifungal treatments necessitates the exploration of alternative therapeutic options. This study investigates the antifungal potential of various medicinal plant extracts against Candida albicans. Phytochemical analyses were conducted to identify active compounds, and their antifungal efficacy was evaluated using standard microbiological assays. The results demonstrated that several plant extracts exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Candida albicans growth. This suggests the potential of these medicinal plants as alternative or complementary treatments for Candida infections. Further research is needed to isolate specific bioactive compounds and understand their mechanisms of action.
India's constitutional commitment to religious freedom was envisioned as a foundational pillar to uphold the nation’s long-standing tradition of spiritual diversity and pluralism. This principle was meant to ensure that every individual could freely practice and propagate their faith, thereby fostering a harmonious coexistence of multiple religious communities. However, the practical implementation of this right has revealed critical tensions, particularly when absolute and unregulated religious freedoms are leveraged by radical or aggressive ideologies that disrupt social cohesion and challenge the democratic fabric of the nation. This study undertakes a civilizational analysis of India’s approach to religious liberty, with a specific focus on the implications of Islamist radicalism in the contemporary socio-political landscape. It argues that the current interpretation of secularism in India—often marked by an excessive deference to minority sensitivities and a dilution of the majority’s cultural ethos—has created a structural imbalance. Unlike nations such as Poland or Russia, which consciously preserve a cultural-religious core to maintain their national identity, India has often suppressed its civilizational majority voice, particularly that of Sanatan Dharma, in the name of a misapplied secular ideal. Through a critical re-examination of constitutional morality, national integration, and public order, this paper posits that unrestrained religious expression—when it undermines civil peace and national unity—must be addressed through a more nuanced legal and civilizational framework. It emphasizes that the protection and revitalization of Hindu cultural unity and Sanatan values are not antithetical to democracy but are in fact crucial for safeguarding India's pluralistic fabric. By realigning its secular ethos with its civilizational roots, Bharat can better navigate the complexities of religious freedom while reinforcing democratic resilience and social harmony.
Rehabilitation of a Partial-Maxillectomy Patient with a Split Obturator in Restricted Mouth Opening
Rehabilitation following surgical resection of the maxillary region is a challenging task for maxillofacial prosthodontists, with defect size and location impacting the level of impairment. The communication between the nasal and oral cavities often cause difficulties with speech, swallowing and aesthetic appearance. An obturator prosthesis is commonly used to address these issues in hemi maxillectomy cases. This article presents a case of maxillary defect caused by squamous cell carcinoma, featuring unfavourable undercuts and the patient with limited mouth opening. The defect was successfully treated with an immediate obturator post-surgery, followed by a one-piece, closed hollow bulb obturator. By utilizing the remaining palate and dentition, the prosthesis maximized support, stability and retention, while acting as a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities.
The Role of Nuclear Components in Dengue Virus Replication
This study investigated the interactions between nuclear components and the Dengue virus (DENV) core protein, focusing on their significance in viral replication. The nuclear proteins nucleolin, nucleophosmin, histone H2B, and RNA helicase DDX5 were identified as key players in enhancing DENV replication. Nucleolin, primarily involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing, interacted with the DENV core protein to enhance viral RNA synthesis. Nucleophosmin, a critical factor in ribosome biogenesis and cellular stress response, facilitated viral particle assembly through its interaction with the core protein. Histone H2B, which plays a role in chromatin structure and gene regulation, modulated viral gene expression, optimizing the cellular environment for viral replication. RNA helicase DDX5, essential for RNA processing and modification, was found to promote the translation of viral RNA, further supporting the replication process. These interactions underscored the crucial role of nuclear components in the DENV lifecycle and provided insights into potential antiviral targets.
Measuring Test Anxiety Level of Rural and Urban Post-UTME Candidates from Different Socio-Economic Backgrounds When Exposed To Computer Based Test in Universities in Southwest Nigeria
The purpose of this study was to investigate the test anxiety level of rural and urban post- Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) candidates from different socio-economic backgrounds when exposed to computer-based test in Universities in Southwest Nigeria. A mixed method research design was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis methods. The target population was all University post unified tertiary matriculation examination candidates in Southwest Nigeria during the year 2024. A sample of 1200 post-UTME candidates from rural and urban areas, and from different socio-economic backgrounds, participated in the study. The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was used to measure test anxiety levels, while a socio-economic status questionnaire was used to gather data on participants’ socio-economic backgrounds. The sampling procedure involved the use of stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The test-retest technique was used to determine the reliability of the instrument using the Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient which yielded a Coefficient of 0.82. The data analysis procedure for the two hypotheses that were raised to pilot the study was the t-test statistics. Results from hypothesis one revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in test anxiety levels between rural and urban post-UTME candidates when exposed to computer-based test {t(1198) = 4.23, p<0.001}. Results from hypothesis two revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in test anxiety levels between candidates from low and high socio-economic backgrounds, t(1198) = 4.21, P< 0.001). Findings of this study imply that test administrators should consider the candidates’ backgrounds when designing and implementing CBTs. Test administrators and educators could also develop targeted anxiety reduction strategies for rural candidates, who may be less familiar with computer-based tests. Test administrators should also ensure equal access to resources such as tutoring, test preparation materials and technology to help level the playing field.
Post-Unified Tertiary Matriculation (UTME)
A Comparative Study of Traditional and Activity-Based Costing Methods for Cost Allocation in Business Practices
Allocating direct and indirect costs has remained a contentious issue in the field of management and cost accounting for several decades. Existing studies have identified two key techniques for allocating these two costing elements: traditional costing technique and secondly, activities-based costing technique. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the traditional-based costing technique is superior to the activity-based costing technique. The current study is thus poised to investigate a comparative study of traditional and activities-based costing techniques using some existing studies as research methods. In this current study, different research on existing studies on this topic in the literature were reviewed. Over ten peer-reviewed journals were downloaded, and the findings, conclusions, and recommendations were synchronized into the current study to unravel the current state of knowledge on comparison between traditional and activity-based costing techniques for allocating direct and indirect costs. Therefore, the study concluded that the activity-based costing method gives management more detailed, meticulous, accurate, worthwhile, and objective information in the decision-making process than the traditional costing method. It is therefore recommended that businesses should consider an activity-based costing technique in allocating the costs because of the inherent benefits it presents to business practices.
Characteristic Study of Russula (Russulaceae) and its Socio-economic value in Respect of Bishnupur Forest of Bankura District, West Bengal, India
Fungi are playing an important role in forest ecosystem like decomposition of organic matter, cycling of nutrient and transport of minerals. About 1.5 million fungi as reported worldwide belong to different family among which Russulaceae is considered as one of greatest family. It has approximately 2000 species in entire world. Near about 180 species belong to the genus Russula and 92 species belong to the genus Lactarius under Russulaceae have been reported from India till now. This ectomycorrhiza group is playing a great role in biodiversity conservation. The recent study has been focused on characteristic analysis (morphology & anatomy) of Russula and its economical aspect. There were 6 species of Russula collected from Bishnupur forest. It was noticed that Russula are easily grown in the soil of Bishnupur forest than other adjacent areas especially Russula aciculocystis richness was very high around 57.1%. About 50% only edible, 33% inedible and 17% medicinal with edible nature of Russula have been reported currently. Monthly distribution in monsoon is also noticed where the population was 31% in July, 52% in August and 17% in September respectively in Bishnupur forest.
Artificial Intelligence & Quantum Computing for Causal Loop and Chronology Violation Detection
As admissible solutions to Einstein’s field equations, traversable wormholes present the prospect of non-trivial topological structures tying disparate areas of spacetime together. Their stability is seriously questioned because their theoretical existence, which is determined by the Morris-Thorne metric, requires the inclusion of exotic matter that violates the energy conditions. These structures also allow for the creation of closed timelike curves (CTCs), which could violate causality and cause paradoxes, undermining the basic tenets of chronology protection. Although different gravity models and semiclassical quantum effects suggest ways to maintain wormholes, it is still unclear how to precisely formulate stability criteria and causal consistency. In order to predict wormhole stability and identify the emergence of causal loops, this study makes use of deep learning techniques and artificial intelligence (AI). In order to evaluate the effect of exotic matter distributions on stability, Einstein’s field equations are numerically solved using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) under dynamic boundary conditions. Potential CTC formations and self-consistency violations are detected by tracing geodesic structures using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Quantum Neural Network (QNNs)and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Furthermore, the exotic matter configuration is optimised via reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to minimise instabilities while maintaining traversability. This research advances the intersection of machine learning, general relativity, and quantum field theory in the study of spacetime topology and causality, analyses chronology protection mechanisms, and evaluates wormhole viability by fusing relativistic physics with AI-driven computational techniques.
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs)
Life Style Dimensions and Brand Preference of Consumers-A Study with Reference to Durable Products in Cuddalore District
Life style of consumers depends on the product needs and preference patterns of consumers of durable products in the world. Life style is not an independent phenomenon but it depends upon the demographic characteristic of consumers. Life style changes over the time and it made deep in roads in any marketing areas globally. The globalization and privatization of Indian economy brought a tide of western life style and attitudinal changes among the consumers. The international brands are now competing with indigenous local brands simultaneously increased more expectation from consumers. The rapid changes in the customers psychology is completely based on the volume of brand over choice. The consumers are battled with the availability of similar brands and confused by the offers and gifts offered to them during the purchase of durable products. The present life style is responsible for the heavy competition among the marketers. Planning their strategies economy and attract them magnetically through celebrities.
Coumarin Based Analogues, a Vivid Terrace for Developing Oncology Medications
Coumarins are found in higher plants like Rutaceae and Umbelliferae and essential oils of cinnamon bark, cassia leaf, and lavender oil. It shows different biological properties, viz antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-HIV, antihypertension, anticoagulant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, antidiabetic, anti-depressive, and other bioactive properties. Despite numerous effects of coumarins in the search for bioactive compounds, they remain as one of the most versatile class of compounds for anticancer drug design and discovery. Coumarin and its derivatives possess anticancer activity against different types of cancers such as prostate, renal, breast, laryngeal, lung, colon, CNS, leukemia, malignant melanoma. In this review, current developments of coumarin-based anticancer agents viz simple coumarin, furanocoumarin, pyranocoumarin, pyrone-substituted coumarin, and their important derivatives have been discussed. The coumarin-triazole, coumarin-chalcone, coumarin-thiosemicarbazone derivatives, and coumarin-metal complexes have been found more potent than coumarin. Hence, further study and structural improvement on coumarin and its derivatives may lead to the design and development of more potent anticancer agents.
Environmental and Social Challenges of Artisanal Recycling of used Tires in Garoua (North Cameroon)
Used tires are one of the solid wastes in Garoua, the second largest city in Cameroon, where their transformation through open-air incineration is significant and constitutes a highly harmful effect on the biophysical environment. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental and socio-health impacts of the artisanal transformation of used tires in the city of Garoua. To conduct this study, we focused on two approaches: empirical-inductive, based on observations, direct measurements, and personal description. Furthermore, the hypothetico-deductive method was used through field surveys, in which 160 questionnaires were administered to artisans, and interviews with garage owners and health officials were conducted. The results show that the factors driving the transformation of used tires are poverty and the search for income for families engaged in this activity (45%), and it allows 83% of these families to meet their basic needs. Soil is the most degraded component (41%), followed by plants (25%). Therefore, the strategies adopted to solve these problems are the practice of a modern transformation technique which is the incinerator furnace and the enforcement of environmental protection laws.
Identification of Human Blood Group Detection using Support Vector Machine and Image Processing
Human survival depends on blood, particularly in situations where transfusions are required. It is vital to know one's blood group under these circumstances. In the past, blood samples were mixed with chemicals, and the agglutination process was observed under a microscope to manually determine blood types. Although this method works well, it can take a lot of time and is prone to human mistakes. In the current digital era, image-processing techniques have made blood group determination more effective thanks to technological improvements. Modern solutions such as image processing now provide fast, accurate, and dependable outcomes. Image processing systems can accurately classify blood types by examining photographs of blood samples. In comparison to conventional methods, this approach allows for the precise identification of blood types in a shorter amount of time by processing datasets of blood samples and numerical data. A major change in medical diagnostics has occurred with the shift from manual to digital approaches, which increase accuracy and decrease mistake rates. Image processing is becoming the tool of choice for determining blood groups in medical settings as it advances. Automated systems are a useful tool in emergencies since they guarantee more accuracy and expedite processes. The support vector machine approach is employed in this study to identify and identify the various blood group kinds. The employed technique demonstrates a very high degree of blood group detection accuracy.