Comparative Analysis of the Extraction and Characterization of Cellulosic Fibers and Lignin from Banana Pseudo-Stem and Cotton Stalk for Value Addition
Keywords:
Extraction, Cellulosic Fibre, Banana Pseudo Stem, Cotton Stalk, Recycle, LigninAbstract
This study investigates the extraction and characterization of cellulosic fibers and lignin from agricultural waste materials, specifically banana pseudostems and cotton stalks. A systematic extraction process was employed to isolate these components, and their yield and quality were assessed. Results indicated that banana pseudostems yielded approximately 37.4 to 37.9 grams of high-quality cellulosic fibers per 100 grams of dried stem, exhibiting excellent thermal stability with an initial degradation temperature of 300.53°C. These fibers show potential for applications in textiles, biocomposites, and biopolymers. In comparison, cotton stalks produced a higher yield of cellulosic fibers, ranging from 44.4 to 46.5 grams per 100 grams of dried stem, optimized through sodium hydroxide treatment, making them suitable for reinforcement in composite materials and packaging. The extraction process also yielded up to 15.5 grams of lignin from cotton stalks, which is suitable for high-strength materials, while the lignin from banana pseudostems, though less condensed, shows promise for use in bioplastics and adhesives. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed distinct structural properties, revealing high concentrations of hydroxyl groups in banana fibers and identifiable aromatic structures in the lignin. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that banana fibers possess superior thermal stability compared to those from cotton stalks. This research highlights the value of agricultural waste through biorefining processes, promoting sustainable resource utilization and supporting the principles of a circular bioeconomy.
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